fidel castro :: essays research papers

Fidel Castro was conceived on August 13, 1926. He went to Catholic schools before moving on from the University of Havana with a degree in law. Castro was an individual from the Ortodoxo Party, a social-democrat party, and firmly condemned the administration of Fulgencio Batista. On the 26th of July in 1953, Fidel Castro propelled an assault on the Moncada armed force encampment. It fizzled, and most included were slaughtered or caught. Fidel was caught and given a preliminary, which he used to put his on the map discourse, "History Will Absolve Me". Condemned to 15 years, he was exonerated after only two. He at that point went into oust in Mexico, where he prepared and amassed the 26th of July Movement. He picked up help from Che Guevara and others before leaving on board the Granma to attack Cuba in 1956. Coming back to Cuba, the progressives stowed away in the Sierra Maestra mountains, picking up help among the workers. In the end, Batista had to escape in 1959 and Castro dominated. Numerous Cubans left when it turned out to be certain that the Revolution was a Marxist one. Financial enmity from the United States made Castro nationalize all American property. The United States Government attempted different plans to kill Fidel Castro and proceeds to monetarily separate Cuba. The CIA even attempted to attack Cuba at the Bay of Pigs to expel Fidel Castro from power, however the Cubans effectively warded it off. Subsequently, Castro turned out to be firmly lined up with the Soviet Union. The Soviets purchased a lot of sugar and provided Cuba with financial and military help. This cash filled huge numbers of Castro's social projects, for example, his war on absence of education and free all inclusive medicinal services. Lamentably, adjusting Cuba to the USSR just prompted more erosion among Cuba and the United States.

Holy Spirit free essay sample

Soul Empowered Living Fall 2011 Holy Spirit Project This paper will incorporate Scripture, address subjects, research materials and individual experience as identified with the Holy Spirit. It is to be 5-6 pages long (least 5 full pages) and should address the accompanying inquiries: Who is the Holy Spirit? Use Scripture to describe the individual Holy Spirit. Talk about the Holy Spirits one of a kind attributes and character. At least 6 sacred text references are required. This section of the undertaking ought to be in any event 1 page long. What is the Activity of the Holy Spirit? Use Scripture to introduce the capacities and motivation behind the Holy Spirit. What is His job in the earth? What is His job in the congregation? What is his job in the life of the devotee? At least 6 sacred text references are required. This section of the undertaking ought to be in any event 2 pages long. How has the Holy Spirit utilized individuals ever? Recognize a character from Church History and detail how this individual was driven by the Holy Spirit in their life and service. We will compose a custom paper test on Essence of God or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Examination materials for this bit of the roject can be found in the Holy Spirit Research Center. This portion of the undertaking ought to be in any event 1 page long. By what means can the Holy Spirit use me? Examine your encounters with the Holy Spirit and what your relationship with Him has delivered in your life. How might you be better driven by the Holy Spirit later on as you seek after your picked employment? This section of the task ought to be at any rate 1 page long. The substance of the paper ought to be separated among the four segments as expressed above, and follow these arrangement rules: Type utilizing Times New Roman (font),12 point text dimension) or Arial (textual style) 11 point (text dimension). One-inch edges on all sides Double-space Length is to be 5-6 pages (5 full pages least). Spot your complete name and the page number right Justified in the header of the paper. (The header ought to be h inch from the highest point of the page. ) (Text should begin one inch from the highest point of the page. ) Citations ought to adhere to standard MLA position. The paper is expected the seven day stretch of 10/31-11/4 when that your individual conversation by means of the drop enclose D2L and as a Whole Person Assessment(WPA) relic. Inability to present the task as a WPA ancient rarity will bring about a zero for the task. Praises Students ought to alter the task as follows: The paper ought to be 7-8 pages long and should cover 2 models. One of the models must be an authentic fgure, and one must be from the zone of the understudies major. (On the off chance that understudies don't have an announced major, at that point they ought to pick a field wherein they are intrigued and pick somebody in that field whom they might want to copy as indicated by I Cor. 11:1 . )

Prerequisites for Marketing Essay

All together for any association or organization to effectively showcase their item there are sure essentials that must be met. The primary thing required, is for there to be in any event two gatherings that have a specific need which isn't being met. It could be Senior that needs some day by day social outlet; and an Adult Day Care that is hoping to offer seniors a social outlet, remembered for this essential there must plainly be a trade happening between the two gatherings; The Adult Day Care will offer the senior a social outlet in return for a repayment from the seniors Insurance. The subsequent essential clearly is for one gathering to have the longing, or the way to satisfy different gatherings needs. To wrap things up there should be a type of correspondence between the two gatherings, where every one learns of the others presence, and needs. A legislator running for Governor must discover what the individuals that live in the state he is running for need. In the event that the legislator feels that the individuals in the state need maryjane to be sanctioned then he should run battle advertisements saying that he will legitimize pot. He ought to talk at school grounds, and hold occasions at places where there is known to be a high use of cannabis use. The lawmakers need is to become Governor; the people’s need is for pot to be authorized. The government official will have the option to encourage the people groups need on the off chance that they encourage his †deciding in favor of him. A buyer that looks for exercise based recuperation, should initially ensure he has adequate assets to pay for his active recuperation. Either from his own private assets, or he has an Insurance that will take care of the expenses for his exercise based recuperation. At that point he should discover a recovery place that will offer him the particular non-intrusive treatment that he needs. There are a few factors that an organization needs to investigate before picking wellbeing inclusion for its workers. The principal thing is to check whether the representatives are happy to work without getting medical advantages. On the off chance that you can get great workers that don’t request medical advantages, at that point there is no requirement for the organization to go through the cash, furnishing them with social insurance. On the off chance that the main way you can get great qualified workers, is by giving them medicinal services.

Exampls of Price Mechanism in China

In current years in China, an across the nation popular tea called Xihu Longjing Tea is allotted to purchasers utilizing the value component. This sort of tea is delivered distinctly in one spot, Xihu, or West Lake, in Zhejiang Province in China, and is exceptionally subject to climate. On the off chance that in one year there is ice in spring wherein Longjing Tea is gather and delivered, the amount of creation will fall truly. This moves the gracefully bend to one side in a huge scope, which makes the value high-rocket to the new harmony point by moving along the interest bend. At that point in this year Longjing Tea will turn into a sort of sumptuous drink.Only rich individuals are capable and have the eagerness to buy, who see this as an approach to flaunt their riches. I figure the general public should utilize the value system to decide for whom this great is created in light of the fact that as rareness, extravagance, just as utilization for delight, the difference in the cost won't make enormous impact on the day to day environment of the white collar class and distraught customers. Value system in the market of Longjing Tea has no effect on social value however improve productivity of assignment. Additionally in China, vegetables and meat are items that are not allotted by the value mechanism.Instead the cost is specified by the administration. Albeit vegetable creation and transportation, such as Longjing Tea referenced above, are influenced via occasional atmosphere, the Chinese government puts forth its attempt to balance out the cost. I accept that the general public ought not utilize value system to allot vegetables and meat since they are day by day necessities, which are delivered for all individuals, the wealth, the working classes, just as the poors. I figure government ought to invest a portion of their income to balance out the expanding cost so as to pick up value and the strength of the general public.

Law vs. Beliefs essays

Law versus Convictions papers What does an individual need to confront when he defies the guideline and the law? His reluctance? The negative results after he gets captured? An individual ought not disrupt the social norm specified by law. This is the thing that we have been instructed and taught about since our adolescence, and this legitimate and good idea has been profoundly embedded in our brains and aides our day by day conduct, our method of speaking with others, and our style of connecting with this general public. An individual ought not disrupt the guideline regardless of whether it⠡â ¯s against their own convictions. Law is something set by a nation⠡â ¯s administrative association for individuals to follow. It targets ensuring the rights, properties, and so on., of the extraordinary greater part of the individuals in the general public. Law and individual convictions don't negate each other in a general, ordinary sense. They are a to some degree integral circulation collaboration. Once in a whil e, they conflict with one another, despite the fact that law can't be relinquished for purported fulfillment of individual convictions. In a general public law is set to secure people⠡â ¯s rights inside it. At the point when the law is broken the person who violates the law may appreciate a few benefits; others may lose them simultaneously. The motivation behind the law isn't just giving individuals rights yet in addition keeping a typical harmony inside a network or society by binding or constraining people⠡â ¯s limits of exercises. To keep a typical harmony is the thing that national government uses to keep the nation joined into one. Overstepping the law would do no good thing for ourselves as people however motivations inconvenience, detriment, and so on. The essential idea of being an educated human isn't disrupting norms, regardless of whether it⠡â ¯s against ones own convictions. Three social shows bind and impact legitimately or in a roundabout way our individual and social conduct in our every day life. They are law, ethical quality and conviction, covering on one another as an order. One follows another, and sometimes contradi... <!

Cha-Ching! How to Budget in College

Cha-Ching! How to Budget in College Ever since I began writing blogs, I’ve learned about various topics like how to manage classes, how to stay involved while still being a full-time student, etc. Something that came to my mind that could be useful for many of us is a quick discussion on budgeting. We’ve all heard that college students are broke, and while it is true that we have tuition and books to pay for during our four years, I’ve come up with a few tips that I have implemented in my life to help me save a few extra bucks at the end of the day! Check your bank account. Checking your bank account is the most important thing to do. Sometimes it can be difficult to check it daily given our busy schedules. Set aside a few minutes every day to keep tabs on your account activity. This will ensure there are no discrepancies and youre aware of how much you have and are spending. Set financial goals. This past semester, my goal was to save enough money to be able to buy graduation gifts for my close friends and family at the end of the semester. No matter how big or small, it is nice to have a goal to work toward so that you don’t lose track of what you’re saving for. From: Kiplingers Financial Planning Create a budget. I prefer creating a weekly budget of how much I allocate for food, social activities, and miscellaneous costs throughout the week and over the weekend. Create an excel sheet or some sort of organized document that can list out your budgeted money for the week/month. Many programs have templates for budgeting that are completely free to use! These are just a few basic tips I think every student should follow to help with budgeting money. I have been following these few steps the past two semesters and I have seen my savings grow in my bank account. Being mindful of where and when you spend your money is a tough but important thing to do. This is especially vital as we will soon enter the real world where we will deal with more money. But before that happens, it’s important to take responsibility for our earnings and put them to good use! Kripa Class of 2020 I'm majoring in Psychology, minoring in Spanish, and pursuing a pre-dental track. It seems like I’m all over the place, but that’s what I like about college! I get to choose to study what I’m interested in, and I’m happy to be doing just that at Illinois.

Critical Thinking Marketing - Free Essay Example

Critical Thinking: Marketing Marketing is more than commercials on the television or billboards that dot the highways, they are more than advertisements in the paper or salesman attempting to sell you their products. Many believe that this is marketing but marketing is so much more complex than the advertising and the selling of goods and services. Marketing is the process of interesting potential customers and clients in your products and/or services. Ward) Another definition is Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, services, organizations, and events to create and maintain relationships that will satisfy individual and organizational objectives. (Boone Kurtz, 1998) Marketing evolves from the birth of an idea that a customer may want or need and satisfying that customer. In order to satisfy particular customers a company must set up some controlled variables or Marketing Mix. Product, place promo tions, and price make up the marketing mix and are know as the four P’s. Over the past two decades marketing has seen various changes. These changes are mainly coming from the intervention in technology, especially with the application of information technology (IT). Yet, as more marketing changes, more it seems they are the same. It is still a dynamic, competitive and creative activity that is the part of our day to day life. Marketers always wanted to understand the need of the market and try to satisfy the consumer demand. For this, they create or modify products or services, communicate about the new products or services and their benefits, distribute and sell in such a manner so that customers can get the maximum value from the product/services. In this process, they have to understand the target segment, their willingness to buy and ability to buy, economic condition, communication strategy, competitors offering in the market, pricing strategy, supply chain network, inventory management strategy and finally the social impact. So implementing successful marketing strategy is not so easy, as it is perceived among most of the organizations. The economic power has shifted from marketers to customers. This shift happens in the market place due to the technology. Today customers have the access to information that lets them make much more informed decisions. Customers are increasingly telling companies what type of product or services they want and when, where and how they want to buy them. Before purchase a product or service, they compare each of the competitors product and their pricing, availability and value for money. So customers are now in control. Customers action and their demands are profoundly impacting every industry in the market. Work Citied (Boone Kurtz, 1998) PDF Books Gutman, Robert W. Mozart: A Marketing Biography. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1999. Print.

The Artifacts And The Mummy Of King Tutankhamen s Tomb

Plan of Investigation What were the historical impacts that the artifacts and the mummy of King Tutankhamen had on archeology and society? This research is conducted over the impacts of the treasures in King Tutankhamun’s tomb, archeological findings on the walls that alter historical context and assumptions, a deeper understanding on the reign of Tut himself and his great excursions, and the autopsy of the mummified King. There will also be an overview of the effects this discovery had on culture and society soon after its discovery, and a brief discussion over the tomb. A primary source being evaluated for research is the book Egyptomania by Bob Brier which explained what sort of cultural impacts the discovery had on the tomb, the society craze towards it, and the industrial response set by corporations. A secondary source is the novel Tutankhamen: The Search For An Egyptian King by Joyce Tyldesley which analyzes all aspects on the discovery of King Tut including his life, his death, and his aut opsy. Summary of Evidence The year is 1922, and Howard Carter has just uncovered a small tomb leading into what he later discovered to be King Tutankhamen’s tomb. Little was known about the ‘boy king’ King Tutankhamun before the discovery of his tomb. He only had a 9 to 10 year reign at the end of the 13th century, which happened to be one of the greatest restoration periods in Egyptian history. Carter had been trying to locate the tomb since 1917, starting in the Valley of theShow MoreRelatedThe Curse Of The Pharaoh1618 Words   |  7 Pagesmost famous curses is the curse pharaohs. King Tutankhamen ruled Egypt as pharaoh for ten years until his death at age nineteen, around 1324 B.C. Although he was famous for reversing the tumultuous religious reforms of his father, Pharaoh Akhenaten. Tutankhamen’s legacy was largely negated by his heirs. He was hardly known to the modern world until 1922, when British archaeologist Howard Carter carved through a doorway an d entered the boy pharaoh’s tomb, which had remained sealed for more than 3Read MoreKing Tut s Curse, Real Or Fiction?1731 Words   |  7 PagesKing Tut’s Curse, Real or Fiction? Ancient Egypt was my favorite topic in social studies. As far back as I could remember. I have always been interested, especially since Egypt is a neighboring country to Libya, my second home. The world is still fascinated, and intrigued by its mysteries. Who build the pyramids? How were they built by? One of the most asked questions were. Who was King Tut? Was there really a curse? King Tutankhamen took reign at the very young age of nine, after his father Akhenaten’s

How Does Plato s Allegory Of The Cave Illuminate The...

Anthony Mosgaard Bernabe Belvedere Phi 2010 10/29/2017 Paper One Assignment Section A: 1.) What is the difference between a philosophical question and other types of questions? What are the characteristics of a philosophical question? Explain the difference between deductive and inductive arguments (also, construct an example of each). Describe what fallacies are, and give examples of the most prominent ones. How does Plato s Allegory of the Cave illuminate the value of philosophy? To begin, it is important to understand and analyze what philosophy is and ultimately what a philosophical question is. Philosophy is a quest after knowledge. Philosophy is the action of thought and analysis, in fact, it is a pretty unique type of†¦show more content†¦Lastly, philosophical questions are thought-provoking. If you have ever wondered about the existence of God or the afterlife then you know that such questions can get the mind racing. These kind of questions, require long and deep thought as well the use of thought experiments. Though experiments are tools of perspective, they are ideas or situations created in the mind to analyze and understand philosophical questions. They are very useful and crucial to the philosophical process. A deductive argument is an argument that is intended by the user to be valid and to guarantee the truth of the conclusion given that premises are true. An inductive argument is an argument that is intended by the user to be strong or good enough that, if the premises were to be true, then it would be unlikely that the conclusion itself is false. An example of a deductive argument would be; Socrates was a man. All men are mortal. Therefore, Socrates was mortal. An example of an inductive argument would be; Socrates was Greek. Most Greeks ate fish. Socrates at fish. In addition to understanding these questions as part of the thought process it is also important to understand what might prevent you from effectively grasping philosophical subject matter. Which would be, Fallacies. Fallacies are common but are essentially defective arguments. A few common types of

Essay on A Horse and Two Goats Detailed Summary - 7459 Words

A Horse and Two Goats Detailed Summary A Horse and Two Goats is the story of a comical and fateful meeting between two men, neither of who speak each others language. Muni and his wife live in poverty in a remote village in India called Kritam. In his prosperous days, before pestilence took most of his cattle, Muni had 40 sheep and goats. Now, in his old age, Muni has just two goats. His usual daily routine is to take the goats to graze two miles from his home, alongside the highway, at the foot of a life-sized clay statue of a horse. Muni never thinks about the statue. It has been there since before he was born and is just part of the landscape, as far as he is concerned. On this particular morning, Muni goes outside and shakes†¦show more content†¦With gentle humor, Narayan explores the conflicts between rich and poor, and between Indian and Western culture. Narayan is best known for his fourteen novels, many of which take place in the fictional town of Malgudi. Many of the stories in his thirteen short story collections also take place in Malgudi, but â€Å"A Horse and Two Goats† does not. This accounts for the fact that the story has attracted very little critical commentary; however, all of the attention it has drawn has been positive. The story is seen as a fine example of Narayan’s dexterity in creating engaging characters and humorous dialogue, but it is not considered one of his greatest works. Author Biography Rasipuram Krishnaswami Ayyar Naranayanaswami was born in Madras, a large industrial coastal city in India, on October 10, 1906. His family was Brahmin, the highest caste of Hindu society. When he was still young, the rest of his family moved to Mysore, a smaller city in the heart of the country. Narayan stayed in Madras with his grandmother, who read him classic Indian tales and myths from an early age and encouraged his imagination. He was not a serious student; he believed that the educational system was too regimented and that it discouraged students from thinking creatively, so he decided not to work hard and ended up failing several subjects and his college entrance exams. After graduation, Narayan went to work in a government officeShow MoreRelatedLiterature Marking Scheme9477 Words   |  38 PagesIGCSE. It gives schools the opportunity to benefit from offering a broad and balanced curriculum by recognising the achievements of learners who pass examinations in at least seven subjects. Learners draw subjects from five subject groups, including two languages, and one subject from each of the other subject groups. The seventh subject can be taken from any of the five subject groups. Literature (English) falls into Group II, Humanities and Social Sciences. Learn more about Cambridge IGCSE andRead MoreEducation And Socialization Among The Tribes1899 Words   |  8 Pagesempowerment of gujjars in JK is also analysed by the author. Anita Sharma (2009), explores the community life of bakerwals, their religion, their power and reciprocity, knowledge, tradition, language, art, craft, music and dance in a detailed way, also a brief summary about the valley of Kashmir is given. Aparna Mitra(2008), studied on the status of women among scheduled tribes in India and concluded that tribal women are less educated comparatively and gender equality among tribal group is a complexRead MoreBusiness Report Introduction Example2805 Words   |  12 Pagesobtained from the marketing strategies on how further the product can be improved to meet and satisfy the needs of the consumers hence expanding the business. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY this report was commissioned to examine how our business, The Notty Trackers, will run in its first year. This is a new business and this gives a detailed overview if not a model of how it will operate for the first twelve months.it is not just focusing on the business errands but it also gives information on the product weRead MoreSea Syllabus9016 Words   |  37 PagesIntroduction Goals of The Agricultural Science Curriculum for Primary Schools Summary of The Curriculum Infant Year One Profile Term II †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Infant Year One †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Infant Year Two†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Standard One Profile Term II †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Standard One †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Standard Two Profile Term II†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Standard Two†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Standard Three Profile Term II†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreBusiness Environment of Pre-British India13645 Words   |  55 PagesBUSINESS ENVIRONMENT OF PRE-BRITISH INDIA PROJECT BY: BHAVANA BHATIA-7 REUBEN DANTES-9 CRYSTAL D’SOUZA-11 ALISHA PEREIRA-38 TANUSHREE SHARMA-47 GAURAV TALERA-52 Executive Summary It is the past which shapes what we become in the present. Most of what we do and follow today has been decided in the past which is why we have to understand who we were to become who we have to be. India is one of the few civilizations which has been in existence for more than 5000 years. India is a homogenous cultureRead MoreStudy on Financial Performance Analysis of Milma11997 Words   |  48 Pages EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Project entitled â€Å"A Project on Financial Performance Analysis at Milma ERCMPU Edappally† is conducted to analyze the financial performance of Milma. It helped in knowing the financial efficiency and weakness of the concern and also to draw inference about the present position of the company. Kerala – Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (KCMMF), popularly called Milma was established in April 1980 with its head office at Thiruvananthapuram for the successful implementation ofRead MoreThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 Pagesor castes: Most members engaged in farming, a few traded, and others assumed military, priestly, or governmental roles. As these civilizations expanded, they became richer, more populous, and more powerful. The last millennium B.C.E. witnessed two major developments. 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This was transferred to an IBM system quite recently, but without any conversion of the character codes. It seems that two different systems of coding diacritics were used and more than two IPA phonetic fonts. Furthermore, for some reason, the typing of the grammar sketch which precedes the manuscript is incomplete. In order to make the manuscript available, I have therefore joined together the fragmentsRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesKeepers, Katherine Knox, Dat Nguyen, Lacey McNeely and Amanda Bosworth. Mary Gray deserves special credit for editing and working under tight deadlines on earlier editions. Special thanks go to Pinyarat Sirisomboonsuk for her help in preparing the last two editions. Finally, we want to extend our thanks to all the people at McGraw-Hill/Irwin for their efforts and support. First, we would like to thank Dick Hercher for continuing to champion and provide editorial direction and guidance, and Gail Korosa

Marketing Analysis Nike s Brand - 1460 Words

Branding Just do it! Most people know this slogan is a trademark of Nike’s shoe company and one of the core components of Nike’s brand. Brand equity represents the sport consumer’s associations (both positive and negative) with a sports team’s name, logos, and images (Gladden Wong, 1997). Essentially, there are four main pillars to brand equity. First, perceived quality is consumer’s judgments of an item’s excellence in respect to its intended purpose. In the case of sport, this alludes to the sport consumer’s perception of the quality of a team relative to its competition. An example of the competition would include other teams in the conference/league. Second, brand awareness is the way a consumer will recall a brand and its name. A†¦show more content†¦Lets us examine couple way that show the power of the RedBull’s brand. The extent of Red Bull activities is humongous. It gets included in a wide blend of games and sports, f or example wakeboarding and motorcycle racing. Many Red Bull music events, sponsoring athletes, for instance motocross racer Ashley Fiolek. In addition, teams for example such as the New York Red Bulls soccer group and a whole lot more. The Red Bull website has entertainment features like the Red Bull Soapbox Racer video game, week after week rock music announcements on the Rock Report, in addition to a section on TV shows and movies. The rundown of their entertainment highlights continues forever and is caught on their Facebook Page, which has more than 37 million followers (Prophet, 2016). With well more than 100 potential points of contact, Red Bull will connect will connect with their market in various ways very easily (Prophet, 2016). What s more, more critically, Red Bull turns into a major part of their client s lives. Red Bull trusts in owning groups and events with the goal that they have control over the content and the cost. They have two expert soccer groups, two Formula One car racing team, the Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series and significantly more. Notwithstanding when Red Bull backs a athlete, they get involved; it is notShow MoreRelatedNike vs Adidas1127 Words   |  5 PagesENTREPRENEURSHIP PROJECT CASE STUDY INTRODUCTION CONTENTS 1. | ACKNOWLGEMENT | 2. | AIM | 3. | INTODUCTION OF THE COMPANIES | 4. | COMPARISION OF MARKETING STRATEGY | 5. | DATA ANALYSIS | 6. | DATA REPORT | 7. | CONCLUSION | ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank my teacher Mrs. Grace for her extensive support in the completion of this entrepreneurship project and also providing me with help full tips. ThisRead MoreA Research Report On Nike1612 Words   |  7 Pagessituational analysis focuses on a world leading brand Nike. Firms undertake a situational analysis and planning process to identify and justify appropriate marketing opportunities for growth. This report provides an introduction to Nike with a background to the Company, its history and its product. This report also provides background data on the market, the product in more depth, its competition, the industry and the macro environment. A summary of the key findings from this situational analysis and aRead MoreNike Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY This business report will examine NIKE incorporated. A brief history will be provided followed by a detailed analysis of the components of globalisation, including topics such as: âž ¢ Role of transanational corporations âž ¢ Global consumer âž ¢ Impact of technology âž ¢ Role of governement âž ¢ Deregulation of financial markets Also an analysis of NIKE’s marketing startegies will be included eg: âž ¢ Market segmentation âž ¢ Product and service âž ¢ Promotion âž ¢ Place distribution Read MoreCompetitive Analysis Of Nike Vs. Nike1497 Words   |  6 PagesCompetitive Analysis The chief competitors to Nike are Adidas, Reebok, Under Armor and Puma and the minor competitors are ASICS and VANS. In accordance with Porter’s 5 Forces, Nike has faced competition by using different and distinct capabilities in marketing. One attribute to such capability is its value or benefit offered to its customers. The intensity of competition from its competitors is high for each firm competes in various key areas of business. For example, Adidas has loyal customers whoRead MoreNike Swot Analysis1193 Words   |  5 PagesNike.inc SWOT analysis Strengths: y y y y y y y y y y y y y Nike is a globally recognized for being the number one sportswear brand in the World. Nike being a competitive organization has a healthy aver sion towards its competitors i.e. during Atlanta Olympics, Reebok expensed on sponsoring the games; Nike however sponsored the top athletes and due to this step, it gained valuable coverage. Nike has no factories; rather it uses contract factories to get theRead MoreSwot Analysis : Nike s Shoes1339 Words   |  6 PagesSWOT Analysis: The altered shoes have different qualities, shortcomings, opportunities, and dangers available. One of its qualities is embedded in Nike s piece of the pie. Questionably, Nike is the main games attire and Footwear Company and the main brand over the globe. Hence, it can effectively advertise the tennis shoes in its current business sector. Nike too has a set up worldwide conveyance channel (chain), solid business sector methodology, a pioneer in innovation and configuration and itRead MoreIndustry And Distribution Of Nike1412 Words   |  6 PagesIndustry and Distribution Analysis The sportswear industry is dominated by Nike and Adidas, which together hold around eighty three percent of the industry’s market share in revenue (Biddnessetc). Since both have such a high demand of customers they have created multiple distribution centers in the United States and in other countries. To stay ahead of the other industries both companies concentrate on promoting and creating new and innovative products. Nike Nike is based in Beaverton, OregonRead MoreCore Competencies And Sustainable Competitive Advantage1296 Words   |  6 PagesCore Competencies and Sustainable Competitive Advantage In terms of core competency, Nike 1) provides high quality durable items to its customers. As a leader in fitness clothing and accessories, Nike strives to be on the edge of the market by providing innovative ideas that improve customer satisfaction. Recognizing the importance of eco-friendly business 3) Nike promotes recycling to its customers and utilize recycling in its own manufacture of products. Lastly, this organization 4) completesRead MoreNike Versus Adidas1190 Words   |  5 PagesNike versus Adidas As companies decided to dip into new markets, they develop a marketing plan, review external and internal contingencies and complete a SWOT analysis on their organization and competitors. Adidas is one of those companies that have completed this task as it prepares to fight against Nike to become the number one company in the market for footwear and sports apparel. With Adidas and Nike being in the same market they have similar external contingencies, yet different viewsRead MoreNike Competitive Advantage1089 Words   |  5 Pages Arifin Angriawan1|Page * 2. Company profile amp; backgroundNIKE, Inc. is engaged in the design, development and worldwide marketing of footwear,apparel, equipment and accessory products. . It sells its products to around 18,000 retail accountsin the United States and through a mix of independent distributors, licensees and subsidiaries innearly 200 countries. NIKE is the largest seller of athletic footwear and athletic apparel in the world.The Company creates designs for men, women and children

Hcr Week 8 Free Essays

Week 8 Checkpoint 1. Assault: When someone attempts to harm or threatens someone else. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Hcr Week 8 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Breach of Confidentiality: Is when information has been released to someone who is not authorized to have it, or without the patients consent. 3. Battery: Touching a person without their permission. 4. Burden of Proof: Is the responsibility to prove harm or wrongdoing. 5. Defendant: This is the person that is being sued, or needs to defend themselves in court. 6. Contempt of Court: This is when someone is not obeying court orders, which can be punishable by jail time and/or fine(s). . Confidentiality: Keeping information that is secret, and only the patient can give permission to release this information. 8. Coroner: This is someone who investigates a death that was not because of a natural cause. 9. Court Order: This is a written command or order that is issued by a judge or by the court. 10. Deposition: This is part of a discovery where both sides of a case can get sworn statements from a witness, and find out if the witness is credible. Also, to see where the other side of the ca se is weak so that they can use it against them to win the case. 1. Discovery: This is a legal process where lawyers obtain all of the information that pertains to a case including witness lists (and more) so that the other side can prepare for court. 12. Covered Entities: These are private or public organizations that must follow the HIPPA laws. 13. Privileged Communication: This is private information. 14. Negligence: This is when someone fails to provide reasonable care resulting in an accidental injury to someone else. 15. Plaintiff: This is someone who initiates a court complaint. How to cite Hcr Week 8, Papers

Executive Stock Options

Question: Describe about the Executive Stock Options? Answer: Meaning of employee stock options: The executive stock options is the way through which the executives are able to maximise the value of their firms. They increase the value of the firm with the volatility of the underlying stock. These options induce the managers to take more risks so as to increase the risk of the firms. And the executives respond to such risks. There is a statistical evidence that signifies that there exists a relationship between the option holdings by the executives and the subsequent increase in the risk of the firm. This sort of a relationship includes the fixed effects and the year effects and a variety of other controls and may not even seem to be driven by the reverse causality. (Research gate, 2015) The main aim of the executive stock options is to assign some of the asymmetric payoff to the managers so that they could be inclined to undertake more amount of risks. (DeFusco, Johnson Zorn, 1990) The following are the advantages of executive stock options: 1. Attraction of employees: many of the companies are well aware of the difficulties that they face when it comes to attracting the talented staff.it is like a successful sports team, grow and quo. When it comes to attracting the experiences players from the other sports team, the employers must also follow the same path. The top recruiting firms as such as the Kelly services and others, sponsored the searchers so as to look for the best available talent during the recession times. 2. Creating dedicated employees: the employers try and attract the employees and motivate them to be loyal. Many of the theorists have a huge amounts of theories about the variety of the suggestions and the programs. These benefits are for the people that are dedicated and the company wants to keep. 3. Cost effectiveness: all the employees continue to derive benefits when the companies expand their business operations and offer a high value for the moderate cost. These stock options often prove to be stronger when they are for the benefit of the employees and are cost effective for the companies. The only costs that the company bear are of the lost opportunities in order to sell some of the stock at the market value. (Small chron, 2015) The following are the disadvantages of executive stock options: The accounting scandals like Enron, WorldCom, Global Crossing and other companies has been linked with the cases of excessive risk taking and an excessive fixation of the prices of the stocks. This was caused by the escalation of the option grants. Also, these scandals also focussed on the problems with the different accounting practices that were followed and this opened a debate on the accounting treatment of the executive stock options. The decision with regard to the grant of the options were based upon the perceived cost of the options that were substantially lower than the economic cost. If these perceived problems of the cost have to be mitigated, then the managers must be educated and the boards must be based on the true and economic cost of the stock options. (NBER, 2015) References: Dofasco, R., Johnson, R., Zorn, T. (1990). The Effect of Executive Stock Option Plans on Stockholders and Bondholders. The Journal of Finance, 45(2), 617. Doi: 10.2307/2328674 Researchgate.net, (2015). Research Gate - Share and discover research. Retrieved 29 January 2015, from https://www.researchgate.net/...executive_stock_options.../00b4951c99cf27f6750 Small Business - Chron.com, (2015). What Are the Benefits of Employee Stock Options for the Company? Retrieved 29 January 2015, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/benefits-employee-stock-options-company-2842.html www.nber.org, (2015). THE TROUBLE WITH STOCK OPTIONS. Retrieved 29 January 2015, from https://www.nber.org/papers/w9784.pdf

Mistresses Review Essay Example

Mistresses Review Paper Essay on Mistresses Even if it is known that in addition to work and male workers in life, there are other things you need to first think of that is another that in life there can be accessible for ourselves, not only to others. Brigitte, one of the few realized that in addition to the work there is something superior work in all respects. Brigitte case helped to realize that in life there is much more than a job namely, Heinz All.. You can assume that you have already met by 99% with the content, style and meaning of the book, plus with all the psychology of the two main characters. Practically read the entire novel of the Nobel Prize for Literature (2004) Elfriede Jelinek started for the health finished for the dead.. The first couple pages of something such promise this is the 1%, which was not included in the content, style and meaning. But the ending not even dumber is The content, meaning -.. Minus 2 We will write a custom essay sample on Mistresses Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mistresses Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mistresses Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The style corresponds exactly to the content and meaning. That is far-fetched, strained-simply-a primitive stream of consciousness. Well, I know stupid girls met literally corks. But not to the same degree! IMHO, the author shows thought girls overly exaggerated. Among other things very down to earth, too rational. The girls in the 15-19 years simply is no such rational thinking about the future hormones interfere, nature has taken care of it. Love, dreams this is natural. Where such rationalism? Hes just nowhere to take 18-20 years. Strongly disagree even with the idea of ​​the book. Perhaps the book still carries some social function. What? But it is very difficult to understand There is another question.? For whom this book fool, that it should be addressed, obviously it can not be read. A little more advanced reader that her Asil (because it is very small in volume), will remain at a loss, and sho? The Nobel Prize.? Hmm well, some kind of award for originality, unconventional, for literary _eksperiment_ possible, and could be given. Madame Elfriede Jelinek should explicitly seek professional help from a therapist, or even a psychiatrist.

the many achievements of Jamai essays

the many achievements of Jamai essays It was considered impossible or even a joke when Jamaica first entered the winter Olympics in 1988 with their four-man bobsled team. People natural response to the news was that, this has to be a joke right. That the Caribbean nation of Jamaica, best known for reggae and dreadlocks, was sending a bobsled team to the Olympics. The tropical island had never had a representative at the Winter Olympics before. They might as well have been sending ski instructors to Vail. What is next? Mexican ice hockey? Not quite yet. But despite their seemingly oxymoronic existence, the Jamaican bobsled team made its Olympic debut in 1988 at Calgary. In the first games (1988) the team was seen as a novelty as they had many technically difficulties, injuries and crashes. In the second games (1992), the team had drastically improved. They had practiced hard for 4 years, were confident, and focused. The 4-man team came in 14th ahead of the US, French, Russian and Italians teams. This was just the beginning. In the 2-man event the Jamaican team shocked the world by beating the Swedish national champions and coming in 10th place. The team has continued to improve and took in 2000, and took gold at the World Push Championships in Monte Carlo in three events and posting the fasted start time at the World Cup. The determination and hard work of the Jamaican team has paid off as they sent a team to 2002 Winter Olympic games in Salt Lake City, Utah. Theteam placed 28th in the 2-man bobsled race. I believed that they have proven to the world that we are not just only known for Bob Marley or The Reggae Boyz But that we are as diverse as our cultural background, to which I have found great appreciation for , to be apart of it. ...

Ablenet Equals - Math Curriculum for Differing Ability

Ablenet Equals - Math Curriculum for Differing Ability Compare Prices Equals is a special education mathematics curriculum designed for a range of disabilities. There are resources for teaching children with disabilities, like Touch Math, but this is probably the only curriculum designed specifically for children with serious differences. Its strength is the fact that it reflects the breadth of the mathematics curriculum most states cover in their standards. Its weakness is that it is somewhat unwieldy, and really needs the support of training and ongoing leadership from a curriculum specialist or coordinator. Assessment Divided into 12 Chapters the curriculum ascends from attending, to fractions, covering calculation, geometry, problem solving, and functional math skills. Designed to accommodate students from the severely disabled to the mildly disabled, the program can support students alongside typically developing students, possibly entering junior high with similar competencies to their peers. It can also help more severely disabled students to build a basic level of mathematical literacy, without perhaps the same level of skills. Equals provides its own assessment program with flip books and test booklets which can be easily administered and scored. The program also provides guidelines for matching scores to the place were a disabled student will need to begin the program. For children who have acquired some math skills, they may be able to start in chapter 3 or 6. For children with more serious disabilities, they may need to start at chapter 1, and may move more slowly through the curriculum. Differentiation Each lesson begins with a warm up, continues with exploration at the three levels (severe, moderate and mild disabilities.) Each lesson continues with Introduce and Connect which builds on prior knowledge, Teach, Problem Solving and Close, with the lesson presentation providing for each of the three levels. Each lesson is followed by problem solving, work stations (learning centers) and games. The program comes with a complete set of high quality math manipulates and materials. The materials include work mats, designed to structure instruction using the manipulates. Brightly colored and attractive, they provide a good alternative to pencil and paper, as well as accommodating different means of responding, from placing counters on the chart, to using eye gaze to identify the correct response. A printed set is included in the boxed curriculum set, but are also on the CD Rom provided by the publisher. The scope and sequence lay out the differences as well, suggesting a mildly disabled students needs three days to cover a lesson, whereas a severely disabled child might need three weeks to master the same material. Equals also provides strong materials to support functions skills, such as money, time and measurement. Resources The kit includes an attractive set of high quality materials to support instruction. Rather than cheesy, poor quality counters, the kit includes well made items available through Abilification. Obviously, Ablenet wanted to provide materials that should hold up and provide service for years. Which is good, since at $1,700 a kit, this is not cheap materials. The kit also comes with a CD Rom with printable resources: the work mats, the activity cards, all the paper resources required for the program. Obviously new, the CD is not easy to use. When you open the CD its hard to see which icon you should click on: I recommend files. The others require that you save the documents before you can open them. Im sure that this will be worked out in future editions, though its a bit of a challenge now. I hope your district is also willing to invest in a color printer for your desk. I know a lot of districts are trying to save toner costs by making everyone print to a shared laser printer, but these materials will be most attractive for visual learners if you can make them in color. Recommendation This is a great program for a district that is going to make the commitment to support the materials with workshops, training and trained curriculum specialists. Like Everyday Math, the materials provide lots of concrete support to help scaffold the cognitive challenges of math for disabled students. Like Everyday Math, teachers need to understand the different conceptual structures they are using to support deeper math understanding. This is also not cheap materials. At $1,700 a classroom, its a major economic commitment on the part of the district. Still, if a district uses the program to parallel the main curricular materials, it has the potential to bring mildly disabled students to a parallel place with typically developing students by middle school. The disadvantage of Touch Math is that it often locks kids into a single strategy for doing functional math. The strength of Equals is that it provides broad mathematical instruction. But buyer beware: it does not free a special education teacher from the need to collect data and be attentive to functional math skills, especially those needed to thrive in the community. So, if you think Equals may work for your district, and you can get the commitment of your special education director and the powers that be, contact Ablenet and check it out. Compare Prices

American System of Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American System of Education - Research Paper Example From the discussion it is clear that it is always good to study or learn about a country’s system of education before enrolling in any school. This will help in understanding how the system works and hence help the student during their period in school. Once a student has enrolled he or she can be able to study the units they are interested in so as to enhance their career choice. The American system of education has been admired even by the international students and therefore this topic will help in understanding how the system works. It is also important to know the schools or colleges that one can afford to pay for the tuition fee. This topic entails how the levels of education flow and when and how to enroll in any school.This essay declares that  the education system in the US want to make sure that every child is well educated. Every educator feels the need to improve the system though it has received a lot of challenges. Some subcultures do not see the value for educ ation and that some children are given wrong messages at home that school is not important. Some of the values for schooling need to be instilled from the homes.   Some schools provide for transport although it may be for certain ages or schools. At the primary and secondary levels school is mandatory. Again first grade is compulsory. President Obama has felt the need for the federal government to pay the tuition for students in community colleges.

New London Airport Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

New London Airport - Research Proposal Example In UK the latest government forecasts predict a 239% change on 1995 by 2015 of the terminal passenger numbers. I t shows a requirement equivalent of an extra 3 -4 airports the size of Heathrow. The country needs to follow the sustainable development policy of its own and of EU. The required framework of aviation should reduce impact, increase growth and protect environment. (DETR 1997 as cited inWhitelegg 2000). A few recommendation suggested are: putting an environment charge based on emissions, ending of all subsidies and tax exemptions and more stringent noise and emission standards.(Whitelegg 2000) Environmental data and criteria: The London mayor is particularly optimistic about environmental safety by moving airport into the Thames estuary. It would cut noise since planes could approach the airport over the North Sea. Moreover, the Heathrow expansion would put pressure on the dense west London while there is alternative to the east. The noise has been the complaint of many residents and the levels of global warming emission gases have gone beyond EU and Environmental Agency norms (Katz 2008). Ben Stewart of Greenpeace argues that increase in number of flights from a four runway would negate the environmental benefits. He feels that new runways are new runways and we should rather think about bringing emission down by funding for railways and other low carbon emission transports. (Murray 2008). Unite, Britain's biggest union feels that Thames is not the best place due to tidal and storm surges, which can increase sea level by several metres. The noise would not be solved when airport is moved, it will only shift to another area. The resort towns of North Kent and South Essex would suffer the noise pollution instead of the population of west London. The area is also a bird sanctuary raising the worries of bird strikes causing aircraft engines and windscreens to fail (PR News, 2008).The environmental data must clearly indicate levels of CO, SO2, NOX, O3, Particulate Matter and Lead generated and their effects on coastal resources, fish and wild life, wading birds. The scientific study must also provide data on light emission and visual impacts on people around airport (Halcrow group 2003). In the light of these suggestions and protests the data needed by the minister for environment are : NOISE: The noise damages health and quality of life. It can cause sleep disturbances, psychological and mental disturbances, annoyance and can make one hearing impaired ( WHO 1993 as cited in Whitelegg 2000). The idea of new airport into Thames estuary is attractive to some planners because planes could fly over the North Sea, alleviating concerns about noise pollution and allowing it to operate 24 hours a day (Katz 2008). How many are already living in the 57Decibel or higher (for a restful life it is upto 55dB) contour of noise and how many more would be added in coming years. This aspect seems in favour of Thames estuary airport as zero population would be added by 2015. While expansion of Heathrow may add another 107000, Stansted 3000 and at Gatwick a further addition of 9000, who would be living in this noise contour if further expansion of the later three airports is allowed . Expansion of Heathr

Challenges Faced by Multinational Corporations

Challenges Faced by Multinational Corporations Multinational Corporation (MNC) is one of type of potential firm in the world nowadays. A corporation can be categorized as MNC if there are 20% to 50% or more of its net profit from directs investment in one or more in foreign countries. (Iamsam, n.d).[ http://hubpages.com/hub/Multinational-Corporations-MNCs]MNC are managed from one home country. With well- manage structure and due business firm good performance, it able to expand its products and services to foreign country. The growth of multinational corporations is measured by Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). When business firm make an investment in a second nation, the investment is counted as part of the outward direct investment from the source country. FDI is an investment in foreign firms where the foreign investor owns at least ten percent of the ordinary shares. 1.2. Coca-Cola Company History Coca-Cola is the largest manufacturer, distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups that invented by Dr. John Stith Pemberton in Midtown Atlanta, Georgia in 1886. Today, Coca-Cola owns or licenses more than 500 brands, including diet and light beverages, waters, juice drinks, tea, coffees, and energy and sports drinks. It has already marketed 2400 beverage products in more than 200 countries globally at a rate of approximately 1.5 billion servings each day. E. Neville Isdell leads the Coca-Cola Company into the new century with a firm commitment to the values and spirit of the worlds greatest brand. Today, Coca-Cola is recognized as the world s most valuable brand. Coca-Cola Enterprises established in 1986, is a young company by the standards of the Coca-Cola system. Yet each of its franchises has a strong heritage in the traditions of Coca-Cola that is the foundation for this company. The Coca-Cola Company traces it s beginning to 1886, when an Atlanta pharmacist, Dr. John Pemberton, began to produce Coca-Cola syrup for sale in fountain drinks. However the bottling business began in 1899 when two Chattanooga businessmen, Benjamin F. Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead, secured the exclusive rights to bottle and sell Coca-Cola for most of the United States from The Coca-Cola Company. The Coca-Cola bottling system continued to operate as independent, local businesses until the early 1980s when bottling franchises began to consolidate. In 1986, The Coca-Cola Company merged two large ownership groups which are John T. Lupton franchises and BCI Holding Corporations bottling holdings to form Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. In December 1991, a merger between Coca-Cola Enterprises and the Johnston Coca-Cola Bottling Group, Inc. (Johnston) created a larger, stronger Company, again helping accelerate bottler consolidation. As part of the merger, the senior management team of Johnston assumed responsibility for managing the Company, and began a dramatic, successful restructuring in 1992. 1.3. Management Structure To create an effective organizational structure is one of the important tasks for top managers. In the International division structure, the abroad branch of the company is the attachment of the parent company. The international unit is responsible for controlling all of the international activities of the company. The division can be based on geography, product or function. There is an international division head which is responsible for controlling all of the activities of these units. This division structure allows the multinational companies to freely explore resources internationally. Whenever there are changes in internal business environment, the companies which have this structure undergo some changes.   Coca-Cola Company as the biggest non-alcoholic beverage concentrates which also a multinational company has to handles the enormous capacity of its business by international division structure. Coca-Cola is geographically operating segments; the five groups are North America, Africa, Asia, Europe, Eurasia and Middle East and finally Latin America. These five groups can explore their own ideas as to upturn the performance and continue success of Coca-Cola. 2. Globalization The process of globalization has impacted on the world s business operation which is mostly driven by the development of MNCs. According Macmillan Dictionary, term of globalization defines as concept a single economy and culture are developed as a result of advance in technology which easier the communications between two corporation and globalization mostly influence by multinational companies toward economic, financial, trade and communication. Besides, the United Development Program (1999) announces globalization is the most important integration of economy, political and cultural phenomenon across nation frontiers. (cited in Kiggundu 2002). Our world is increasingly becoming global, not only has increased in interconnected of countries in the area of economics and political but also culture Coca-Cola is a good example of a business which truly international in scope. Coca-Cola reported that 67% of its total net income from non- U.S. source. Various tactics used to expand globally: By setting up facilities and developing a global market which gives foreign markets easier access to our goods. Establishing transnational corporations to reduce production costs, and gives the companies cheaper labor. Competition-based pricing Product branding and positioning The idea of globalization can be simplified by identifying several key characteristic: Improved technology in transportation and telecommunications Movement of people and capital Diffusion of knowledge Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Multinational Corporations Impacts of Globalization 1.) Establishment of international alliances The establishment alliances or coalitions which link firms of the same industry based in different countries. MNCs commonly engage in international alliances such as joint ventures and licensing agreements with foreign firms. Coca-Cola formed global joint venture with many industries to strengthen its company buy launching new products. These are the few joint ventures for Coco-Cola which doing well and earned huge profit on it. a. Coca-Cola joint venture buys Philippine drink company San Miguel, the Philippine food and beverage company, and its joint-venture partner Coca-Cola agreed yesterday to pay 14 billion pesos ($269 million) for the Philippines second-largest soft drink company, Cosmos. The purchase, which defeated a bid by PepsiCo, will give the joint venture, Coca-Cola Bottlers Philippines, a 90 percent share of the Philippines $1-billion-a-year soft drink market. The deal was approved when Cosmoss majority owner, the RMF Corporation, agreed to accept a lower offer after San Miguel discovered that some Cosmos equipment was below Coca-Colas standards. Wayne Arnold (NYT) b. Joint venture between Coca-Cola and Nestle to tap rapidly growing beverage segments   Coca-Cola and Nestle Refreshments (CCNR) is their highly successful joint venture formed on 1991 which operates directly in 24 countries and enjoys a strong position in the ready-to-drink tea category. On 30Jan2001, CCNR rename as Beverage Partners Worldwide (BPW) function as an entrepreneurial unit dedicated to tapping the growth potential of emerging beverage segments, actively expand into new beverage particularly ready-to-drink coffee, teas and beverages with a healthful positioning. BPW also focus on expanding its geographical with existing products include Nestea and Nescafe and new products inclusive of Tian Yu Di tea and Yang Guag tea businesses undertaking by Coca-Cola. c. Joint venture of Coca-Cola Company and Illycaffe Spa They introducing three premium ready-to-drink (RTD) espresso-based coffee products. The products are: Caffe full-bodied character, real Italian chilled caffe. First ready-to-drink coffee to offer black (no milk) espresso-based coffee. Cappucino intense uplifting aromas of illy espresso, blended with milk and dark cacao. Latte Macchiato smooth fresh illy espresso experience, swirled with milk. The product will be available in stylish premium can to attract the consumer. The RTD first launch in 10 European countries including Austria, Croatia, Greece and the Ukraine as the firm aim of their joint venture. After 1 month, the additional countries in Asia, North America, Eurasia and the Pacific as the expansion of the sales and will be delivered through the Cola-Cola system. The highly profitable RTD coffee category globally is valued at just under $16 billion and has experienced several years of growth that is expected to continue. Globally (excluding Japan), the ready-to-drink coffee category has grown at an average rate of 10.1 percent over the past five years.

Dolphin

New research suggests that dolphins are second only to humans in smarts. – MRI scans indicate that these marine mammals are self-aware. – Researchers think dolphins are especially vulnerable to suffering and trauma. When human measures for intelligence are applied to other species, dolphins come in Just behind humans in brainpower, according to new research. Dolphins demonstrate skills and awareness previously thought to be present only in humans.New MRI scans show that dolphin brains are four to five times larger for their body size when compared to another nimal of similar size, according to Lori Marino, a senior lecturer in neuroscience and behavioral biology at Emory University, and one of the world's leading dolphin experts. Humans also possess an impressive brain-to-body ratio. â€Å"If we use relative brain size as a metric of ‘intelligence' then one would have to conclude that dolphins are second in intelligence to modern humans,† said Marino, who p erformed several MRI scans on dolphin brains.Marino will be presenting her findings at next month's American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting. â€Å"Size isn't verything,† she admitted, but she says at least two other lines of evidence support her claims about dolphin intelligence. First, various features of the dolphin neocortex the part of the brain involved in higher-order thinking and processing of emotional information are â€Å"particularly expanded† in dolphins. Second, behavioral studies conducted by Marino and other experts demonstrate that dolphins exhibit human- like skills.These include mirror self-recognition, cultural learning, comprehension of symbol-based communication systems, and an understanding of abstract concepts. The Navy's Marine Mammal Program began in 1960 with two goals. First, the Navvy wanted to study the underwater sonar capabilities of dolphins and beluga whales to learn how to design more efficient methods of detecting objects underwater, and to improve the speed of their boats and submarines by researching how dolphins are able to swim so fast and dive so deep.In addition to this research component, the Navvy also trained dolphins, beluga whales, sea lions and other marine mammals to perform various underwater tasks, including delivering equipment to divers nderwater, locating and retrieving lost objects, guarding boats and submarines, and doing underwater surveillance using a camera held in their mouths. Dolphins were used for some of these tasks in the Vietnam War and in the Persian Gulf. The Marine Mammal Program was originally classified, and was at its peak during the Cold War.The Soviet Union's military was conducting similar research and training programs in the race to dominate the underwater front. At one point during the 1980's, the U. S. program had over 100 dolphins, as well as numerous sea lions and beluga whales, and an operating budget ot $8 million dollars. By the ‘s, howeve r, the Cold W was over, and the Navvy's Marine Mammal project was downsized. In 1992, the program became declassified. Many of the dolphins were retired, and controversy arose over whether or not it would be feasible to return unnecessary dolphins to the wild. pecific Tasks Navvy marine mammals are trained to perform many underwater duties, including Bottlenose dolphins detect and mark of underwater mines. The animal locates a mine and then deposits a weighted buoy line near the mine in order to mark it. California sea lions attach grabber devices to underwater objects for etrieval. This system is used extensively in training exercises with divers for Explosive Ordnance Disposal units. Practice mines are placed on the sea floor; those not found by the divers during the exercise are retrieved by the sea lions. Bottlenose dolphins are used to detect and defend against enemy swimmers.This procedure was used in both the Vietnam War and the Persian Gulf to protect Navvy anchored vessels from enemy swimmers seeking to plant explosives. The dolphins would swim slowly, patrolling the area with their sonar, and alert armed trainer guards if they located a swimmer. They are also trained to â€Å"tag† the enemy swimmer with a marker so that Navvy personnel can apprehend him. During the Vietnam War, rumors circulated about a â€Å"swimmer nullification program† in which dolphins were also being trained to shoot at enemy swimmers with a device similar to the tagging device.The Navvy denies that any such program existed or that any dolphin has ever been trained to attacka human. 1960's naw begins use of marine mammals 1965 sea lab II In 1965, the Marine Mammal Program began its first military project: Sea Lab II. Working in the waters off La Jolla, California, a bottlenose dolphin named Tuffy ompleted the first successful open ocean military exercise. He repeatedly dove 200 feet to the Sea Lab II installation, carrying mail and tools to naw personnel. He was a lso trained to guide lost divers to safety. 965-75 dolphins used in Vietnam The Navvy sent five dolphins to Cam Ranh Bay to perform underwater surveillance and guard military boats from enemy swimmers. Although during this era rumors circulated about a â€Å"swimmer nullification program† through which dolphins were trained to attack and kill enemy swimmer, the Navvy denies such a program ever existed. 1975 ntroduction of sea lions and beluga whales With the success of the dolphin program, the Navvy began working with sea lions, training them to recover military hardware or weaponry fired and dropped in the ocean.The sea lions could dive and recover objects at depths of up to 650 feet. The Navvy also began exploring the use of beluga whales, which, like dolphins, use sonar to navigate. Beluga whales could operate at much colder temperatures and deeper depths than either dolphins or sea lions. naw builds up collection of dolphins The Marine Mammal Program reached its heyday in the 1980's, with an expanded udget and increased number of dolphins.In 1986, Congress partially repealed the 1972 Marine Mammal Protection Act by letting the Navvy collect wild dolphins from for â€Å"national defense purposes. † The Navvy planned to use the dolphins to expand its mine disposal units and to stock a breeding program. 1986-88 dolphins in the Persian gulf The naw sent six dolphins to the Persian Gulf, where they patrolled the harbor in Bahrain to protect US flagships from enemy swimmers and mines, and escorted Kuwaiti oil tankers through potentially dangerous waters. One of the dolphins, â€Å"Skippy,† died ofa bacterial infection. ssile guarding project in Bangor abandoned In the late 1980's the Navvy began a project through which dolphins would act as guards at the Bangor Washington Trident Missile Base. Animal activists opposed the project, and filed suit against the Navvy under the National Environmental Protection Act claiming that the Navvy must do an environmental evaluation to determine whether deployment in the cold northern waters off Bangor would harm dolphins originally captured in the Gulf of Mexico. A Judge ruled that such a study must be completed before the project could continue.The Navvy abandoned the project. By 1994, the Navvy policy on moving dolphins to environments with radically different water temperatures changed; a spokesperson said that in general, the Navvy would only move dolphins between environments with a 20 degree difference in temperature, except in emergency situations. 1990S downsizing, declassification, retirement With the end of the Cold War, the Navvy's budget for the marine mammal program was drastically reduced, and all but one of its training centers were closed down.Of the 103 dolphins remaining in the program, the Navvy decided it needed only 70 to maintain its downsized operations. Much of the project was declassified, although certain details remain protected. This raised the question of what to do with the remaining dolphins. In the 1992 Defense Appropriations Act, Congress alloted a half million dollars to the Navvy to â€Å"to develop training procedures which will allow mammals which are no longer required for this project to be released into their natural habitat. The Navvy held two conferences of researchers and experts and determined that a reintroduction program would not be cost effective. In an attempt to downsize its dolphin troops, the Navvy offered to give its surplus trained dolphins o marine parks However, interest in the tree dolphins was low because many marine parks by this time had developed successful in-house breeding programs. The Navvy only got only four requests, but pledged to care for the unclaimed dolphins until their deaths.Later in 1994, the Navvy agreed to send three dolphins to Sugarloaf sanctuary, near Key West in Florida, a rehabilitation facility run by Ric O'Barry. O'Barry planned to reeducate the dolphins so they could be safe ly released into the wild, once the necessary federal permits were granted. 1996 illegal release of Luther and Buck Two of the dolphins being held at the Sugarloaf Sanctuary, Luther and Buck, were being prepared for life in the wild while awaiting federal permits for their release. In May, before the permits had been issued, O'Barry released the dolphins into the Gulf of Mexico.He believed that the dolphins were ready for release and that the bureaucratric requirements for a permit were designed to prevent the release of the Navvy dolphins. He thought that to wait any longer before letting them go would jeopardize their chances of successful adaptation to the wild. read O'Barry's defense f his actions, and criticism of the release from Naomi Rose The dolphins were recaptured less than two weeks later and returned to the Navvy. All three of these dolphins are now back with the Navvy. One of them is still in Florida; the other two are back in San Diego in the Navvy facility there. 997 Ukrainian dolphins trained by the Soviet Navvy for military operations are now being used for therapy with autistic and emotionally disturbed children. Mahalia Jackson Mrs. Harvey English 093 (1 :OO) October 29, 2013 Dolphins Dolphins are very interesting creatures. There are many things about a dolphin you may not know about. They do many ditterent things witn humans, and they do many different things in their everyday lives. There are many peculiar amazing creatures in the ocean, but none of them compares to the dolphins.In the beginning of time about 50 million years ago research shows that dolphins were once a land animal. They looked like a wolf, as this animal they hunted in the shallow waters, and eventually they learned how to adapt between land and water. Research says, â€Å"That their forelegs became flippers, the hind legs disappeared and the fluke evolved, and their fur disappeared and the nostrils moved to the top of their head. This how they breathe today. Even thou gh they surface ever few minutes in the water, they can stay under water up to 15 minutes.Now in order to navigate they use echolocation to find their way around the ocean or the sea. In order to find food the uses clicks to send out to return off of an object in the water researchers say, â€Å"It's just like an echo. † This is how they find their food, dolphins. And other threatening animals or rocks. Just like humans have a family; well, dolphins have families that they live in. The families are usually or mostly lead by a female dolphin. Just like in a society of humans the females primarily are the head of the house hold or family.Every dolphin in the family help each other out, sometimes several families might come together to make a school of dolphins. Jackson 2 Dolphins are very intelligent, they are the second-smartest animal in the world. Research shows that dolphins shows skills and awareness that for many years they thought only humans had. They gave them MIR scan s, and they found out that a dolphin's brain is four to five times larger than their own bodies when it is compared to another animals of a similar size. Dolphins has been in the U. S. Navvy for more than forty years.The Navvy's Marine Mammal Program began in 1960 and they had two reasons for this program. It was that the Navvy wanted to study the underwater sonar capabilities of dolphins, and to learn how to design more sufficient methods for detecting objects underwater, and to also improve the speed of their boats and submarines by researching how dolphins are able to swim so fast and dive so deep into the water. Dolphins Just didn't Join the Navvy or became a part of it they had to be trained to do the Jobs they were going to be assigned to do. In order to help the Navvy in upcoming wars to come.They was trained to deliver equipment to divers underwater, locating and retrieving lost objects that the Navvy thought was important, guarding boats and submarines, and doing underwater surveillance using a camera to hold in their mouths. Researchers says, â€Å"The dolphins were trained to attack and kill the enemy in the Vietnam War. † Lastly, Dolphins are many things on this Earth. They are intelligent, they are used in the U. S. Navvy. In order to help them discover enemies and to protect the ships. They are descendants of wolves and that they ave hair it's Just on the top of their head.Female dolphins are the head of the family, and several families might come and Join them. All together Dolphins are amazing creatures, they can be your friend and protect you to the end.

What You Dont Know About Samples of Essay about Myself Could Be Costing to More Than You Think

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About the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court

The FISA court is a highly secretive panel of 11 federal judges whose primary responsibility is to decide whether the U.S. government has enough evidence against foreign powers or individuals believed to be foreign agents to allow for their surveillance by the intelligence community. FISA is an acronym for the  Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. The court is also referred to as the  Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, or FISC. The federal government cannot use the FISA court to  intentionally target any U.S. citizen, or any other U.S. person, or to intentionally target any person known to be in the United States, though the  National Security Agency has acknowledged  it inadvertently collects information on some Americans without a warrant in the name of national security. FISA, in other words, is not a tool for combating domestic terrorism but it has been used in the post-September 11th era to gather data on Americans. The FISA court adjourns in a bunker-like complex operated by the U.S. District Court on Constitution Avenue, near the  White House and Capitol. The courtroom is said to be  soundproof to prevent eavesdropping and the judges do not speak publicly about the cases because of the sensitive nature of national security. In addition to the FISA court, there is a second secret judicial panel called the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review  whose responsibility to oversee and review the decisions made by the FISA court. The Court of Review, like the FISA court, is seated in Washington, D.C. But it is made up of only three judges from the federal district court or appeals court. Functions of the FISA Court   The FISA court’s role is to rule on applications and evidence submitted by the federal government and to grant or deny warrants for  Ã¢â‚¬Å"electronic surveillance, physical search, and other investigative actions for foreign intelligence purposes.† The court is the only one in the land that has the authority to allow federal agents to conduct â€Å"electronic surveillance of a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power for the purpose of obtaining foreign intelligence information,† according to the Federal Judicial Center. The FISA court requires the federal government to provide substantial evidence before it grants surveillance warrants, but the judges rarely ever turn down applications. If the FISA court grants an application for government surveillance, it also limits the scope of the intelligence gathering to a specific location, telephone line or email account, according to published reports.   FISA has since its enactment been a bold and productive tool in this country’s fight against the efforts of foreign governments and their agents to engage in intelligence-gathering aimed at the U.S. government, either to ascertain its future policy or to effect its current policy, to acquire proprietary information not publicly available, or to engage in disinformation efforts, wrote James G. McAdams III, a former Justice Department official and senior legal instructor with the Department of Homeland Securitys  Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers. Origins of the FISA Court The FISA court was established in 1978 when Congress enacted the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. President Jimmy Carter signed the act on Oct. 25, 1978. It was originally intended to allow for electronic surveillance but has seen been expanded to include physical searches and other data-collection techniques. FISA was signed into law amid  the Cold War and a period of deep skepticism of the president after the Watergate scandal and disclosures that the federal government used electronic surveillance and physical searches of citizens, a member of Congress, congressional staffers, anti-war protesters and civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. without warrants. The act helps to solidify the relationship of trust between the American people and their government, Carter said in signing the bill into law. It provides a basis for the trust of the American people in the fact that the activities of their intelligence agencies are both effective and lawful. It provides enough secrecy to ensure that intelligence relating to national security can be securely acquired, while permitting review by the courts and Congress to  safeguard the rights of Americans and others. Expansion of FISA Powers The  Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act has been expanded beyond its original scope several times since Carter placed his signature on the law in 1978. In 1994, for example, the act was amended to allow the court to grant warrants for the use of  pen registers, trap and trace devices and business records. Many of the most substantive expansions were put in place after the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. At the time, Americans indicated a willingness to trade some measures of freedom in the name of national security. Those expansions include: The passage of the USA Patriot Act in October 2001. The acronym stands for  Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism. The Patriot Act broadened the scope of the governments use of surveillance and allowed the intelligence community to act more quickly in wiretapping. Critics including the American Civil Liberties Union, however, pointed out the allowed the government to obtain the personal records of ordinary Americans from libraries and Internet Service Providers even without probable cause.The passage of the  Protect America Act on August 5, 2007. The law allowed the National Security Agency to conduct surveillance without a warrant or approval from the FISA court on American soil if the target was believed to be a foreign agent. In effect, wrote the ACLU, the government may now scoop up all communications coming into or out of the United States, as long as it is targeting no one American in particular and the program is â€Å"directed at† the foreign end of the communication.  Whether the target or not, American phone calls, emails and internet use will be recorded by our government, and without any suspicion of wrongdoing.  The passage of the FISA Amendments Act in 2008, which granted the government the authority to access communication data from Facebook, Google, Microsoft and Yahoo. Like to Protect America Act of 2007, the FISA Amendments Act targeted non-citizens outside of the United States but concerned privacy advocates because of the likelihood average citizens were being watched without their knowledge or a warrant from the FISA court. Members of the FISA Court Eleven federal judges are assigned to the FISA court. They are appointed by the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court and serve seven-year terms, which are nonrenewable and staggered to ensure continuity. FISA Court judges are not subject to confirmation hearings such as those required for Supreme Court nominees. The statute that authorized the creation of the FISA court mandates the judges represent at least seven of the U.S. judicial circuits and that three of judges live within 20 miles of Washington, D.C., where the court sits. The judges adjourn for one week at a time on a rotating basis The current FISA Court judges are: Rosemary M. Collyer: She is the presiding judge on the FISA court and has been a U.S. District Court judge for the District of Columbia since being nominated to the federal bench by President George W. Bush in 2002. Her term on the FISA court began May 19, 2009, and expires March 7, 2020.James E. Boasberg: He has been a U.S. District Court judge for the District of Columbia since being nominated to the federal bench by President Barack Obama in 2011. His term on the FISA court began May 19, 2014, and expires March 18, 2021.Rudolph Contreras: He has been a U.S. District Court judge for the District of Columbia since being nominated to the federal bench by Obama in 2011. His term on the FISA court began May 19, 2016, and expires May 18, 2023.Anne C. Conway: She has been a U.S. District Court judge for the Middle District of Florida since being nominated to the federal bench by President George H.W. Bush in 1991. Her term on the FISA court began May 19, 2016, and expires May 18, 2023.Ra ymond J. Dearie: He has been a U.S. District Court judge for the Eastern District of New York since being nominated to the federal bench by President Ronald Reagan in 1986. His term on the FISA court began July 2, 2012, and ends July 1, 2019.Claire V. Eagan: She has been a U.S. District Court judge for the Northern District of Oklahoma since being nominated to the federal bench by President George W. Bush in 2001. Her term on the FISA court began Feb. 13, 2013, and ends May 18, 2019.James P. Jones: He has served as a U.S. District Court judge for the Western District of Virginia since being nominated for the federal bench by President William J. Clinton in 1995. His term on the FISA court began on May 19, 2015, and ends May 18, 2022.Robert B. Kugler: He has served as a U.S. District Court judge for the District of New Jersey since being nominated for the federal bench by George W. Bush in 2002. His term on the FISA court began May 19, 2017, and ends May 18, 2024.Michael W. Mosman: H e has served as a U.S. District Court judge for the District of Oregon since being nominated for the federal bench by President George W. Bush in 2003. His term on the FISA court began May 04, 2013, and ends May 03, 2020.Thomas B. Russell: He has served as a U.S. District Court judge for the Western District of Kentucky since being nominated for the federal bench by Clinton in 1994. His term on the FISA court began May 19, 2015, and ends May 18, 2022.John Joseph Tharp Jr.: He has served as a U.S. District Court judge for the Northern District of Illinois since being appointed by Obama in 2011. His term on the FISA court began May 19, 2018, and ends May 18, 2025. Key Takeaways: The FISA Court FISA stands for the  Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. The act was established during the Cold War.The 11 members of the FISA court decide whether the U.S. government can spy on foreign powers or individuals believed to be foreign agents.The FISA court is not supposed to allow the U.S. to spy on Americans or others living in the county, even though the governments powers have expanded under the act.